Friday, January 31, 2020
Article Analysis on Mate Selection Essay Example for Free
Article Analysis on Mate Selection Essay The entire article is based on evolutionary psychology and the title of the article is Mate Selection criteria: A trait desirability assessment study of sex differences of Serbia. The entire paper examines the predictions from socio-structural perspective and evolutionary on sex differences in the mate selection in Serbia. There were a total of 127 respondents that were taken from Serbia and the respondents were mainly college students. The method of Likert scale was used and they were questioned about 60 behavioral traits and personality traits. Differences were obtained on the basis of perceived desirably of strengths, self pity, fragility, thinness’s and beauty. The males in this study consider these traits as more desirable and the females valued strength of the male positively. Female respondents are more concerned with the physical appearance of their partners. Similarly, in this study females are also concerned about the socio-economic class of males. A generalized approach cannot be used in this study because Serbian people are distinct in their culture. Similarly, in this study both sexes are attracted with each other on different factors like sexual attractiveness, beauty, socio-economic factors etc. The purpose of the researcher was to evaluate the sex differences in Serbia. However the actual hypothesis of this research paper is based on the functionality of mate selection criteria that is based on the perspective of subordinate position of women. The entire research was carried out by Bojan Todosijevic, Snezana Ljubinkovic, and Aleksandra Arancic (Todosijevic, Ljubinkovic, Arancic, 2003). The research was headed by the department of psychology which belongs to the University of Novi. As far as the findings of this research is considered quantitative analysis is used in this the entire research to evaluate the findings of this research. Findings of this research depicts that the traits that are assessed are sincerity, tenderness, passion, maturity, intelligence and etc. The desirable traits among both the sexes are courage, thinness, talent for sports, beauty, elegance, aggressiveness and etc. Both the sexes agree on the general ordering of the traits but the research have identifies certain significant differences statistically. Males consider the traits of self-pity, thinness, beauty; fearfulness as more desirable and the probability of these traits are less than 0. 1. Findings suggest that men scored quite higher on the former items and the character traits were considered to be more desirable by the females. Discussion of the topics with respect to the article The topic of selecting a life time companion and the topic of comparison levels can be related with this research paper (Anderson Sabatelli, 2007). Certain traits are discussed in this research paper and the through different statistical tools the results are evaluated. In both the topics of the text book the traits are discussed and both the topics evaluate that effectiveness of traits. The phenomenon of how to select an appropriate life partner is discussed and what should an individual do when he/she is selecting its soul mate. Similarly, the other topic of comparison levels discusses the comparison levels between the two sexes. In this research paper research is conducted on the traits of males and females and how both of them select their partners based on these traits. The phenomenon of Likert scale is used in the entire research. Conclusion The hypothesis in this research paper was formulated on the basis of evolutionary psychology. The results of this paper depicts that males give more preference to physical attractiveness of their potential mates. On the other hand women consider socio-economic factors like success in job, capability to earn and wealth related factors as important. The traits that are discussed in this research paper are dependent on culture and it varies with culture to culture. All the traits are evaluated in this research and generalized results are attained from the study (Todosijevic, Ljubinkovic, Arancic, 2003). The hypothesis that was derived with higher socio-economic interpretation that was related to women should be considered as less important as compared to the hypothesis on evolutionary psychology. In the entire research paper different traits were evaluated and results were achieved through Likert scales. Before reading the article one cannot depict that which traits are more important for women and for men and since the entire article talks about traits and their effectiveness that is the reason why it becomes quite easy to filter out which traits are necessary for men and which are important for women. Statistical analyses are used in this article which helps the reader in finding the viability of the results. This article can definitely help an individual in selecting its partner and after reading this article one can check the traits discussed in this article with the traits that are present in his/her partner or the traits which he/she desires for (Todosijevic, Ljubinkovic, Arancic, 2003). References Anderson, S. , Sabatelli, R. (2007). Family Interaction: A Multigenerational Developmental Perspective. Allyn Bacon. Todosijevic, B. , Ljubinkovic, S. , Arancic, A. (2003). Mate selection criteria: A trait desirability assessment study of sex differences in Serbia. University in Novi.
Thursday, January 23, 2020
There are no Truly Victimless Crimes Essay -- essays research papers
A man chooses to take cocaine. He understands the risks he is taking, and he believes that taking the cocaine is worth the risk. Should he be allowed to take the drug? Or should the government force him to abstain from it, in his own interest? He is not hurting anyone but himself, so why should there be a law against it? This debate has raged since the beginning of civilization. J. S. Mill, in his Essay on Liberty, takes the position that is commonly accepted: the government should not interfere with matters that do not involve more than one person. These matters are often called "victimless crimes." Mill - along with the majority of people in today's world - claims that if a person commits a crime against his or herself, such as harming the body by taking certain drugs or suicide, the person should not be prosecuted. The argument is that no other person is affected. All involved parties consent to the arrangement, so they should be responsible for whatever happens. A few com mon victimless crimes are prostitution, taking harmful drugs, and suicide. These are perceived as having no negative effect on anyone but the people who agreed to accept the negative effects. In reality, all victimless crimes cause problems for other members of society. J. S. Mill did not understand that "victimless" crimes do not actually exist. Prostitution is one of the most debated of the victimless crimes, because the US has been "slow" in adopting it legally. Only ten Nevadian counties out of the entirety of the 50 United States have passed laws that legalize prostitution, while in Holland prostitution is a recognized occupation. Holland even has a union for prostitutes. It is argued by proponents of legalized prostitution that the business is ... ... cases, this can go so far as to cause suicide by a survivor, repeating the cycle. Besides those negative psychological effects, survivors of suicide usually experience some need to place blame. This can either be manifested in anger towards the suicidal person, to a third party that may have the blame placed on him, or on the survivor himself. It is very common for a survivor to feel self-loathing and to entertain the idea that there was something that could have been done to save the lost loved one. Suicide is not a victimless crime. These are only three of the "victimless crimes" that have been postulated by people such as J. S. Mill. While he may have had strong urges for social liberty, he never understood the fact that there is no such thing as a victimless crime. All crimes have a victim, and no amount of philosophy or political theory can change that.
Wednesday, January 15, 2020
Evaluation of a Playoff System for Bowl Games Essay
Introduction            Bowl games are designed as the culminating event between colleges that topped in their division during the regular college football season. Begun in 1902, the first bowl game between Michigan and Stanford was concocted to arouse interest in the Tournament of the Roses and to generate greater tourist interest and, subsequently, more income. With Stanford’s defeat, the tournament was put on hold and was resumed in 1916, but it was not until 1923 that its was held at the newly-built stadium called the Rose Bowl, thus the contest was called the Rose Bowl game. Subsequent bowl games organized took the â€Å"Bowl†moniker as a testament to the success of the Rose Bowl games. (â€Å"College bowl games†) Source:BSC Conference at Wikipedia from http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/53/BCS_Map.PNG There are many bowl games formed since then. Some are one-shot deals, others considered â€Å"toilet†bowls, denoting less than successful plays by participating colleges, notably the 1983 bout between Michigan and Michigan State and the 1987 match-up between Kansas and Kansas State. (â€Å"Bowl game†) Currently there are four major bowl games that host the Bowl Championship Series in turns: the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California; the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida; the Sugar Bowl in New Orleans; and the Fiesta Bowl in Arizona. The games are normally played from mid-December until mid January. These are the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) bowls, while 27 other bowl games are considered non-BCS bowls. (â€Å"Bowl game†; Bowl Championship Series)            This paper will evaluate the possible application of the play-off system on college bowl games and the impact on non-BSC bowl games. NFL Playoffs system for Bowl Games            The National Football League (NFL) play-off is the elimination round of currently the 6 top teams from the American Football Conference and the National Football Conference. Each conference produce four division champions seeded 1 to 4, and two wildcard qualifiers, seeded 5 and 6. The teams play within their divisions to determine the Division Playoff winners who will then compete against their opposite number in the Super Bowl. (NFL Playoffs)            The BCS was formalized in 1998 when it replaced the Bowl Alliance as the ultimate face-off in the bowl games. Two teams are selected from the top teams from the NCAA Division I-A bowl game conferences, which are the Atlantic Coast Conference, Big 12 Conference, Big East Conference, Big Ten Conference, Pacific Ten Conference and the Southeastern Conference. Colleges which are not part of these conferences and independent schools are not barred from the selection process but the chances of being selected for the coveted two slots were small because of the system of ranking employed in bowl games for the National Championship game. (â€Å"BCS conference†)            There is an ongoing debate regarding the system of ranking in bowl games, which will eventually determine which two teams will play in the National Championship game. There are claims that the system, based on coach polls, computer-constructed polls, strength of schedule (win/loss ratio) and losses, was not equitable, too complicated, and produced ambiguous results. Polling produced issues of bias in ranking towards bowls associated with BCS conferences, leaving non-BCS conferences out of the running. Moreover, it is asserted that the absence of a playoff discriminates against teams that have lower ranking even though actual games win/loss ratio for the season should have guaranteed at least a fighting chance to compete in the National Championship. (Bowl Championship Series) Compared to the head-to-head match-up that prevails in the NFL playoffs, it would seem logical to go down the path of the tried and tested. Winners of the NFL playoffs are undisputed with no messy rankings to confuse the issue of which team was the best. However, one can argue that the motivations behind the NFL and bowl games are completely different. Bowl games are college football games, providing training for athletes after the football season that otherwise would not happen. This is the reason why many coaches encourage them. Bowl games are considered more as a source of entertainment for football fans post season in hopefully congenial surroundings. (Nelson) Of course, the organizers were impelled by more pecuniary motives.  Currently, the major bowl game conferences generate more than US$100 million a year in sponsorship and media cdontracts, even more if the proposed new system, where a fifth bowl will be included, is implemented. (â€Å"Six conferences retain automatic bids†) However, for many colleges, especially non-BCS ones, the main purpose of the games remains.            The playoff system works for the NFL, but for bowl games it would alter the whole complexion of the sport. Because of the way the rankings are determined, each of the games in the regular college football season assumes equal importance. The win/loss ratio will not guarantee top place because the system of averaging, the polls and losses can bring the ranking down even with just one botched game. A playoff system would discourage teams from playing all out in all the games because the chances of a top contending team being pulled down by one game is not going to happen.   Moreover, a playoff system would encourage college teams to reserve their best plays and strategies for the all important match-up at the end of the season.  (Willson)            There have been some suggestions for the improvement of the bowl game ranking system by its combination with some characteristics of the playoff. Giles asserts that the BCS system is useful in determining the top college teams during the regular season; it is only when it comes to the top two teams that they run into issues. With this in mind, it is suggested that at the end of the season, the top 8 teams would selected based on existing BCS eligibility requirements for the National Championship game. Automatic berths based on conference would be eliminated, giving a fair chance for all colleges to compete. It would discard the one-team-per-conference rule but retain the hosting of the event among the Rose, Fiesta, Orange and Sugar Bowls. Elimination rounds among the 8 teams will eventually lead to semi-finals that would determine which two teams will go on to the National Championships.            It sounds reasonable but it might just exacerbate the situation because it presumes that the ranking system in the bowl games is reliable, which, as stated earlier, it is not. This is the whole point of the controversies surrounding the bowl games. Using the present ranking system will most probably result in the same BCS and traditional teams being chosen as the eight teams contending for the playoffs, so the inequity will still exist. Conclusion            It would seem that implementing an NFL play-off system in bowl games would result in an unwelcome shift in the general motivation behind the game. It also appears it would not greatly improve the chances of non-BSC bowl games in being represented in the BSC and the National Championship in its current state. For the 27 non-BSC and independent bowl games that continue to play, the rationale behind bowl games does not require affirmation from the BSC. Bowl games are essentially a chance for college students to enjoy the chance to see competing colleges compete against each other after the end of the season. It provides relief from academic pursuits inspires student loyalty towards the learning institution and provides additional public exposure for aspiring athletes. Coaches encourage it as a means for additional training for the next season and communities benefit from it by encouraging tourists. Bowl games will continue to be enjoyed, with varying degrees of financial success, by those who count: the players, their fans, the community and the colleges Works cited â€Å"Bowl game.†Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 5 Jan 2007, 04:06 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 21 Jan 2007 . â€Å"NFL playoffs.†Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Jan 2007, 23:51 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 21 Jan 2007 . Nelson, Loren. â€Å"Are college football bowl games meaningless?†NCTimes.com. 16 December 2006. 23 January 2007 Alder, James. â€Å"BCS vs. Playoff System.†About.com. 2007. 24 January 2007 Giles, Alex. â€Å"The proposed marriage of the BCS and a playoff format.†About.com. 19 November 2002. 23 January 2007 Willson, Charlie. â€Å"Playoffs vs. Bowl Games: College Season Too Good to Change.†MindSpring. 2007. 24 January 2007 â€Å"College bowl games.†Hickoksports.com. 26 November 2006. 24 January 2007 â€Å"Six conferences retain automatic bids.†Associated Press. 1 March 2004. 23 January 2007 â€Å"Bowl Championship Series.†Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 20 Jan 2007, 23:00 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 24 Jan 2007 . â€Å"BCS conference.†Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Jan 2007, 16:41 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 24 Jan 2007 . Â
Tuesday, January 7, 2020
JUNG Surname Meaning and Origin
The Jung surname means young, and was often used to distinguish the younger of two men with the same name, such as a son from a father or the younger of two cousins. It derives from the German word jung, from the Middle High German junc, meaning young. YOUNG is the English variant of the surname, while JAROS is found in Poland. According to Dictionary of American Family Names, Jung can also be a variant of the Chinese name Rong, or Korean name Chong. It is a common surname in both countries. Surname Origin: German, Chinese, Korean Alternate Surname Spellings: JUNK, YUNG, YONG, YOUNG, YOUNGE, JAROS Where in the World is the JUNG Surname Found? The Jung surname is most common in Germany, according to WorldNames PublicProfiler, especially in the states of Saarland and Rheinland-Pfalz, followed by Hessen and Thà ¼ringen. Other top regions for Jung include Alsace, France, and Grevenmacher, Luxembourg. Surname distribution maps at Forebears identify Jung as the 5th most common surname in South Korea, the 35th most common surname in North Korea, and the 39th most common surname in Germany. It is also the 10th most common last name in Thailand. Famous People with the Last Name JUNG Carl C.G. Jung - Swiss psychiatrist, founder of analytical psychologyChan Sung Jung - Korean MMA fighterRudolf Jung - instrumental force of Austrian National Socialism; member of the Nazi partyJohann Heinrich Jung - German author who wrote under the name Heinrich Stilling Genealogy Resources for the Surname JUNG How to Trace Your German AncestryLearn how to trace your German roots back to the old country and beyond, from gathering information on your family to locating your ancestors German hometown to accessing vital records, passenger records and church records in Germany. German Genealogy Databases and Online RecordsResearch your German family tree online in this collection of online German genealogy databases and records. Jung Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Jung surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Jung query. FamilySearch - JUNG GenealogyExplore over 9 million historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Jung surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Jung Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Jung last name from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Surname Meanings OriginsCottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.
Sunday, December 29, 2019
Quotes By Congesswoman Shirley Chisholm
Shirley Chisholm was the first black woman to serve in the United States Congress. An early education expert, Shirley Chisholm was elected to the New York Legislature in 1964 and to Congress in 1968, where she was a founding member of both the Congressional Black Caucus and the National Womens Political Caucus. She ran for president in 1972, winning 152 delegates in the Democratic primary but losing the partys nomination to George McGovern. Shirley Chisholm served in Congress until 1983. During her congressional career, Shirley Chisholm was noted for her support for womens rights, her advocacy of legislation to benefit those in poverty, and her opposition to the Vietnam war. Selected Shirley Chisholm Quotations †¢ I was the first American citizen to be elected to Congress in spite of the double drawbacks of being female and having skin darkened by melanin. When you put it that way, it sounds like a foolish reason for fame. In a just and free society it would be foolish. That I am a national figure because I was the first person in 192 years to be at once a congressman, black and a woman proves, I think, that our society is not yet either just or free. †¢ I want history to remember me not just as the first black woman to be elected to Congress, not as the first black woman to have made a bid for the presidency of the United States, but as a black woman who lived in the 20th century and dared to be herself. †¢ Of my two handicaps being female put more obstacles in my path than being black. †¢ Ive always met more discrimination being a woman than being black. †¢ My God, what do we want? What does any human being want? Take away an accident of pigmentation of a thin layer of our outer skin and there is no difference between me and anyone else. All we want is for that trivial difference to make no difference. †¢ Racism is so universal in this country, so widespread and deep-seated, that it is invisible because it is so normal. †¢ We Americans have a chance to become someday a nation in which all racial stocks and classes can exist in their own selfhoods, but meet on a basis of respect and equality and live together, socially, economically, and politically. †¢ In the end, anti-black, anti-female, and all forms of discrimination are equivalent to the same thing - anti-humanism. †¢ My greatest political asset, which professional politicians fear, is my mouth, out of which come all kinds of things one shouldnt always discuss for reasons of political expediency. †¢ The United States was said not to be ready to elect a Catholic to the Presidency when Al Smith ran in the 1920s. But Smiths nomination may have helped pave the way for the successful campaign John F. Kennedy waged in 1960. Who can tell? What I hope most is that now there will be others who will feel themselves as capable of running for high political office as any wealthy, good-looking white male. †¢ At present, our country needs womens idealism and determination, perhaps more in politics than anywhere else. †¢ I am, was, and always will be a catalyst for change. †¢ There is little place in the political scheme of things for an independent, creative personality, for a fighter. Anyone who takes that role must pay a price. †¢ One distressing thing is the way men react to women who assert their equality: their ultimate weapon is to call them unfeminine. They think she is anti-male; they even whisper that shes probably a lesbian. †¢ ... rhetoric never won a revolution yet. †¢ Prejudice against blacks is becoming unacceptable although it will take years to eliminate it. But it is doomed because, slowly, white America is beginning to admit that it exists. Prejudice against women is still acceptable. There is very little understanding yet of the immorality involved in double pay scales and the classification of most of the better jobs as for men only. (1969) †¢ Tremendous amounts of talent are being lost to our society just because that talent wears a skirt. †¢ Service is the rent we pay for the privilege of living on this earth. (attributed to Chisholm; some sources attributed to Marian Wright Edelman) †¢ I am not anti-white, because I understand that white people, like black ones, are victims of a racist society. They are products of their time and place. †¢ The emotional, sexual, and psychological stereotyping of females begins when the doctor says, Its a girl. †¢ When morality comes up against profit, it is seldom profit that loses. †¢ To label family planning and legal abortion programs genocide is male rhetoric, for male ears. †¢ Which is more like genocide, I have asked some of my black brothers -- this, the way things are, or the conditions I am fighting for in which the full range of family planning services is available to women of all classes and colors, starting with effective contraception and extending to safe, legal terminations of undesired pregnancies at a price they can afford? †¢ Women know, and so do many men, that two or three children who are wanted, prepared for, reared amid love and stability, and educated to the limit of their ability will mean more for the future of the black and brown races from which they come than any number of neglected, hungry, ill-housed and ill-clothed youngsters. Pride in ones race, as will simple humanity, supports this view. †¢ It is not heroin or cocaine that makes one an addict, it is the need to escape from a harsh reality. There are more television addicts, more baseball and football addicts, more movie addicts, and certainly more alcohol addicts in this country than there are narcotics addicts. Sources Chisholm, Shirley. The Good Fight. Harper Collins, 1973. Chisholm, Shirley. Unbought and Unbossed. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1970. Vaidyanathan, Rajini. Before Hillary Clinton, there was Shirley Chisholm. BBC, 26 January 2016, https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-35057641. Winslow, Barbara. Shirley Chisholm: Catalyst for Change. Routledge, 2013.
Saturday, December 21, 2019
Research On Age And L2a For Decades - 1287 Words
The critical period hypothesis has been the main focus of research on age and L2A for decades. This hypothesis originated with Lenneberg. In his 1967 study, he proposed that for language to develop fully, it must be acquired before the start of puberty. His hypothesis was solely regarding first language (L1) acquisition. Johnson and Newport (1989) were among the first to question if and how this hypothesis applies to second language acquisition. They conducted a test with a group of 46 Chinese and Korean immigrants who had come to the United States at a variety of ages, ranging from 3 to 39, and learned English as a second language. To measure their ultimate attainment in English grammar, the experiment asked each individual to decide†¦show more content†¦For example, some research yielded results in which native and non-native speakers achieved identical scores on a variety of language tasks if the non-native speakers’ AoA was 6 or below. It thus seems that the re is a sensitive period from birth to somewhere between age 4 and 7 for phonology and some lexical and collocational skills (Long, 2005). Based on a study by DeKeyser (2000) that replicated Johnson and Newport (1989), there might be a separate sensitive period for morphosyntax until sometime in the mid-teens, around the age of 16. DeKeyser attributes the differences in his results to the fact that Johnson and Newport only tested a small number of subjects between the ages of 12 and 16. DeKeyser used the findings from his study to reconceptualize the Critical Period Hypothesis. He found that learning ability does not decline immediately at puberty, as previously supposed, but that there is a gradual decline from age 6 or 7 to age 16 or 17. In a study of 57 Hungarian immigrants to the US (DeKeyser, 2000), he found that most of the subjects with an AoA over 16 did not score anywhere near the younger learners on a grammaticality judgment test. The few adult learners who did score highly all had strong verbal analytic ability. Instead of interpreting this evidence as a counterargument for the CPH,
Friday, December 13, 2019
Programming Language and Future Career Free Essays
Career-related discussions are something that my dad and I tend to have on the weekly basis, and have increased since changing my major to Management Information Systems last year. Our latest discussion was on the phone about word choice and the do’s and don’ts when writing/typing papers and other documents, moving forward in college as well as in my future career. What sparked up this conversation though was my dissatisfaction with a comment I got on a paper from a peer review. We will write a custom essay sample on Programming Language and Future Career or any similar topic only for you Order Now The comment stated that my choice of words were not â€Å"scholarly†or on the college level. It really got under my skin so I decided to call my father about it. I told him the situation, and I felt that my paper was scholarly and I wrote it in a way that my fellow classmates would understand. His response was, moving forward into my career, the choice of words I used really would play a big part. As more advice he told me that having a bigger vocabulary showed professionalism and knowledge. Throughout our discussion I became frustrated because I believed that as long as my audience understood what I was talking about it should not matter how â€Å"simple†the words were. Even though I knew what he saying was right I did not want to hear it, because I was frustrated about the comment. I wanted to tell him that I didn’t care what he had to say after a while, but I have a lot of respect for my father. I knew what he was saying was right from experience being a computer programmer, where he is constantly in meetings and speaking in front of his colleagues. After we finish talking I still felt a little frustration, because I kept thinking back to the comment. I really was surprised by the valid points my father made about the situation because I was so set on the way I felt and my stubbornness took over. The discussion was really needed though, initially I was not going to go back and reedit my paper but my father words really made sense. I guess he was right the choice of words you choose can really go a long way. The advice I took from our discussion to help me in my future career was to continue practicing and improving my writing skills. How to cite Programming Language and Future Career, Essays
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