Emperor Justin II - A Concise Biography

Sovereign Justin II - A Concise Biography Justin was the nephew of the Emperor Justinian: the child of Justinians sister Vigilantia. As an individual from the royal family, he got intensive instruction and appreciated impressive advantages not accessible to lesser residents of the Eastern Roman Empire. His incredible position might be the reason he was equipped with extraordinary fearlessness that could be, and frequently was, saw as pomposity. Justins Rise to the Throne Justinian had no offspring of his own, thus it was normal that one of the children and grandsons of the rulers kin would acquire the crown. Justin, similar to a few of his cousins, had a flock of supporters both inside and without the royal residence milieu. When Justinian approached an incredible finish just a single other competitor had any genuine possibility of succeeding the ruler: the child of Justins cousin Germanus, likewise named Justin. This other Justin, a man of significant military capacity, is considered by certain antiquarians to have been a superior possibility for the situation of ruler. Tragically for him, the rulers nostalgic recognition of his late spouse Theodora may have hurt his odds. The sovereign is notable to have depended vigorously on his wifes direction, and Theodoras impact can be unmistakably found in a portion of the laws Justinian passed. It is conceivable that her own abhorrence of Germanus kept her better half from framing any genuine connection to Germanus youngsters, Justin included. Besides, the future ruler Justin II was hitched to Theodoras niece Sophia. In this manner, it is likely Justinian had hotter affections for the man who might succeed him. Also, in reality, the head named his nephew Justin to the workplace of cura palatii. This office had for the most part been held by a person with the position of spectabilis, who saw to the general every day business matters at the royal residence, however after Justin was assigned, the title was typically gave to individuals from the magnificent family or, once in a while, outside sovereigns. Moreover, when Justinian passed on, the other Justin was guarding the Danube wilderness in his job as Master of the Soldiers in Illyricum. The future sovereign was in Constantinople, prepared to exploit any opportunity.â That open door accompanied Justinians unforeseen demise. Justin IIs Coronation Justinian may have known about his mortality, yet he made no arrangement for a replacement. He kicked the bucket out of nowhere the evening of November 14/15, 565, having never authoritatively named who was to take up his crown. This didn't prevent Justins supporters from moving him onto the seat. In spite of the fact that Justinian most likely kicked the bucket in his rest, the chamberlain Callinicus guaranteed that the ruler had assigned the child of Vigilantia as his beneficiary with his withering breath.â In the early morning long periods of November 15, the chamberlain and a gathering of legislators who had been aroused from their sleep raced to Justins royal residence, where they were met by Justin and his mom. Callinicus related the rulers biting the dust wish and, however he made a demonstration of hesitance, Justin immediately consented to the solicitation of the legislators to take up the crown. Accompanied by the representatives, Justin and Sophia advanced toward the Great Palace, where the Excubitors obstructed the entryways and the patriarch delegated Justin. Before the remainder of the city even realized Justinian was dead, they had another head. In the first part of the day, Justin showed up in the majestic box at the Hippodrome, where he tended to the individuals. The following day he delegated his significant other Augusta. What's more, very quickly, the other Justin was killed. Despite the fact that a great many people of the day accused Sophia, there appears to be no uncertainty that the new head himself was behind the homicide. Justin then set about attempting to pick up the help of the people. Justin IIs Domestic Policies Justinian had left the domain in budgetary trouble. Justin paid his ancestors obligations, transmitted past due assessments, and cut back on uses. He likewise reestablished the consulship that had passed in 541. This helped the neighborhood economy, which earned Justin good grades from the respectability and general people alike.â Be that as it may, things were not all ruddy in Constantinople. In the second year of Justins rule an intrigue occurred, conceivably persuaded by the political homicide of the other Justin. The representatives Aetherios and Addaios obviously plotted to harm the new head. Aetherios admitted, naming Addaeus as his accessory, and both were executed. Things pursued impressively smoother that. Justin IIs Approach to Religion The Acacian Schism that had part the Church in the late fifth and mid 6th hundreds of years had not finished with an abolishment of the shocking way of thinking that set off the split. Monophysite chapels had developed and get dug in the Eastern Roman Empire. Theodora had been a firm Monophysite, and as Justinian matured he had developed increasingly more slanted toward the sinful philosophy.â At first, Justin indicated a genuinely liberal strict resilience. He had Monophysite churchmen discharged from jail and permitted banished diocesans to get back home. Justin clearly needed to join the divergent monophysite groups and, at last, rejoin the blasphemous organization with the standard perspective (as communicated at the Council of Chalcedon). Lamentably, every endeavor he made to encourage harmony was met with refusal from die-hard Monophysite fanatics. In the long run his resistance went to obstinacy of his own, and he founded a strategy of abuse that kept going as long as he was in charge of the empire.â Justin IIs Foreign Relations Justinian had sought after an assortment of strategies to manufacture, keep up and protect Byzantine terrains, and had figured out how to gain an area in Italy and southern Europe that had been a piece of the old Roman Empire. Justin was resolved to devastate the foes of the realm and was reluctant to settle. Not long after he accomplished the seat he got emissaries from the Avars and declined them the sponsorships his uncle had conceded them. He at that point shaped a collusion with the Western Turks of Central Asia, with whom he battled against the Avars and conceivably the Persians, also. Justins war with the Avars went poorly, and he had to give them considerably more noteworthy tribute than they had at first been guaranteed. The settlement Justin marked with them rankled his Turkish partners, who turned on him and assaulted Byzantine domain in the Crimea. Justin additionally attacked Persia as a component of a partnership with Persian-controlled Armenia, however this also went poorly; the Persians not just beat back the Byzantine powers, they attacked Byzantine region and caught a few significant urban areas. In November of 573, the city of Dara tumbled to the Persians, and now Justin went crazy. The Madness of Emperor Justin II Assailed by impermanent attacks of madness, during which Justin obviously endeavored to nibble any individual who drew close, the head really wanted to know about his military disappointments. He obviously requested organ music to be played continually to relieve his delicate nerves. During one of his progressively clear minutes, his better half Sophia persuaded him that he required an associate to assume control over his duties.â It was Sophia who picked Tiberius, a military chief whose notoriety outshone the fiascos of his occasions. Justin embraced him as his child and named him Caesar. The most recent four years of Justins life were spent in confinement and relative quietness, and upon his passing he was prevailing as ruler by Tiberius. The content of this archive is copyright  ©2013-2015 Melissa Snell. You may download or print this report for individual or school use, as long as the URL beneath is incorporated. Authorization isâ notâ granted to duplicate this record on another site. For distribution permission,â pleaseâ contact Melissa Snell.The URL for this archive is:http://historymedren.about.com/od/jwho/fl/Emperor-Justin-II.htm

Development of Recycling Company

Improvement of Recycling Company Official Summary As of late, the developing usage of plastics are explicitly utilized residential reason and created from mechanical and purchaser applications and need to joined with expanded shopper mindfulness encompassing strong waste reusing, has prompted an expanded interest for reused plastic tars and items for our general purposes. One of the snappiest expanding sorts of gathered plastic materials for reusing is polyethylene terephthalate (PET) from post-shopper drink and water bottles. Replay Plastics will benefit from the open doors in the reused sap and bundling markets through two primary divisions: a Recycling Division and a Packaging Division. The Company will make a PET cleaning and refining plant where situated in the western United States (every one of the 16 significant North American PET reusing plants are as of now situated in the eastern United States or Canada). To be completely forthright, Its underlying limit will be 46 million pounds, and it will use post-purchaser bottle feed stock directly gathered in California, Oregon and Washington States, which gather more than 200 million pounds for every year. The Company will be vertically coordinated and use practically the entirety of its reused material in its Packaging Division and any excess materials (clean piece) created will be offered to outside organizations. The expelled sheet may then be offered to makers who will thermoform it into high-perceivability bundling or use it in other high worth included assembling activities. The tying will be offered to organizations who transport huge bundles or beds, for example, the timber processing industry. The Company as of now has duties accessible from clients to buy the whole item created. The board Ben Braddock, President who has encountered since 30-long stretches of history and related with incorporating all parts of Polymer Raw Material, Plastic Conversion Methods, and Venture Development. In addition, he has established extraordinary endeavors in the plastic changing over industry, and aided the dispatch of five plastic changing over assembling plants. In his own life, Sam McGuire, Executive VP and COO, is an alumni Engineer with practically more than 20 years involvement with the post-shopper plastics reusing industry and is the creator of the essential cleaning refining innovation utilized in the process for this undertaking. He has gotten a patent for his innovation and has been legitimately engaged with more than twenty-five significant post purchaser plastics reusing ventures. Carl R. Smith, CFO, has more than 30 years venture and trader banking and the board understanding. He has helped with raising over $500 million and filled in as board part and additionally offici al in more than 40 open and privately owned businesses. Money related SUMMARY In addition, following a multi month grow-up period to assemble the reusing and bundling offices, purchase hardware, and fuse the business, Replay Plastics will start a fast turnaround of item. Deals will start in May, and with over $15 Million in deals the main year, we will see a first year net benefit of $2.3 Million. The proprietors are contributing $500,000 each, for an aggregate of $1.5 Million, and are making sure about a $800K long haul advance. The Company is likewise looking a venture of $2,700,000 so as to start tasks. At that point, these assets will be utilized for the acquisition of one reusing line and one assembling line, for make of the plant offices and for working capital. An outside financial specialist giving this sum would get 48% value in Replay, and get an IRR of 69% from basic profits alone throughout the following 5 years. Toward the finish of that period, we will think about an open contribution of stock or a purchase out by a related business. Ongoing data on private deals of comparable industry organizations has demonstrated that exchanges under $25 million have arrived at the midpoint of 5.3 occasions EBITDA, while exchanges in the scope of $25-250 million have found the middle value of more than multiple times EBITDA. Further subtleties can be found in the Financial Plan, underneath. 1.1 Objectives Deals passing $15 million in first year, $31 million in year 2, developing to $43 million. Net edge of 35% or more in first year, 45% in second year then half or more. Net benefit of 13% in year one, at that point surpassing 20% every year beginning in year two. 1.2 Mission Replay Plastics is a for the most part fabricating organization devoted to changing over waste plastic materials into monetarily practical items, using naturally amicable reusing and assembling strategies. We plan to make enough benefit to create a critical return for our financial specialists and to back proceeded with development and proceeded with improvement in quality items. We will likewise keep up an agreeable, reasonable, and innovative workplace, which regards assorted variety, new thoughts and difficult work. 1.3 Keys to Success The fundamental keys to the accomplishment of the Company are: Secure Supply-Contract for flexibly of post-purchaser jugs and post-mechanical assembling waste for PET crude material feed stock. Advertising Contractual courses of action for the offer of for all intents and purposes all underlying creation. The board Strong senior administration with broad, wide based, industry-explicit experience. 1.4 Potential Risks Inaccessible or rare crude material feed stock for creation Replay is sure that it has made sure about great accessibility of minimal effort post-customer PET containers (feed stock) got from post-purchaser refreshment bottles from California based reusing gatherers, and has back up sources distinguished. Innovation utilized might be problematic or doubtful Replay will utilize a demonstrated, licensed innovation that was created by one of its principals for the cleaning and reusing stage. The expulsion division will utilize monetarily demonstrated innovation the business is utilizing extraordinary reused PET innovation which is utilized by unmistakable eastern U.S. producers of PET expulsions. There may not be a business opportunity for the Companys items The Industry-wide experience of the Management Team has permitted them to recognize markets for the Companys items. Their skill and notorieties have permitted them to get responsibilities for all intents and purposes the entirety of the arranged starting creation. The area may not be close to enough to business sectors The business sectors that have been distinguished are fundamentally in the western U.S., which will give a particular bit of leeway to the Company as a result of cargo expenses and conveyance timing. The Company will be unable to pull in top administration The Company has gathered a world class supervisory group with demonstrated capacity and direct involvement with the Companys advertise sections. Organization may not fulfill natural guidelines This naturally great endeavor accommodates the advancement of actually attainable and monetarily reasonable answers for PET plastic drink bottle reusing, just as ecologically mindful in-house re-use rehearses which channel and return about the entirety of the procedure water to the creation lines. The Company will most likely be unable to sell the entirety of its creation ability Through the Senior Managements industry-wide contacts, the Company has recognized potential clients and gotten duties for the entirety of the creation capability of the underlying office. Organization Summary The Company will profit by the open doors in the reused gum and bundling markets through two principle divisions: a Recycling Division and a Packaging Division. Reusing Division Utilizing a licensed procedure, the Company will make a PET cleaning and refining plant situated in the western United States; we have picked this district since every one of the 16 significant North American PET reusing plants are right now situated in the eastern United States or Canada, notwithstanding western states great reusing mentalities among customers. Its underlying yearly limit will be 46 million pounds and it will use bottle feed stock from California, Oregon and Washington States, which gather more than 200,000,000 pounds for each year. The Company will turn out to be absolutely vertically incorporated, and utilize all or practically the entirety of its reused material in its Packaging Division. Any excess material delivered will be offered to outside organizations. Bundling Division We will make a plant (genuine offices to be imparted to the Recycling Division) to produce expelled plastic move stock sheet or high-quality tying, utilizing best in class innovation created to use reused PET tar. The expelled sheet will be basically offered to thermoformers who will change over it into high perceivability bundling, just as laminators and fabricators. The tying will be offered to business clients for use as bundle or bed tying. The Company at present has duties from clients to buy the entirety of the underlying creation limit. Abundance drop will be offered to outside clients. 2.1 Company Ownership Replay Plastics is claimed by the underlying originators, B. Braddock, S. McGuire and C. Smith, who are the proposed three officials of the working substance. The arrangement was considered and created by these people, with the goal to apply their broad experience and contacts in the business to building an effective gainful partnership. 2.1.1 Potential Conflict Our COO, Mr. Sam McGuire, the creator and patent holder of the reusing procedure to be utilized by the Company, is a chief in Company An of Chicago, IL. For a long time, Company has planned, made and collected plastic reusing gear, and has given us cites on addressing our requirements around there. After an exhaustive examination, Replay has discovered that Company A can source or gracefully the necessary hardware at impressively lower cost than some other organization from which a statement was accessible. Mr. McGuire has revealed that Company A has incorporated a littler than typical edge in their statement on products they will make, to cover overhead, possibility and benefit which may bring about a little advantage to him. They have consented to source the entirety of the gear conceivable with no additional edge. Replay has presumed that the reserve funds availab

What was the function of disguise in The Odyssey, and how did it impact Odysseuss development as a character

What was the capacity of mask in The Odyssey, and how could it sway Odysseuss advancement as a character All through The Odyssey, by Homer, the peruser sees that camouflage has been embraced by various characters either to confound or encourage their or another character’s entry over the world. In actuality, a few characters expect numerous camouflages over the span of the account. Publicizing We will compose a custom basic composing test on What was the capacity of camouflage in The Odyssey, and how could it sway Odysseus’s advancement as a character? explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Athena, the goddess, for example, puts on no under three masks. It isn't just the goddess who puts on camouflage however; Odysseus likewise pulls of the mask capacity to advance his objectives and targets. Odysseus was the lord of Ithaca when Palamedes sent him to the Trojan War which went on for a multi year timespan. The story starts when Odysseus with his crewjourney back to Ithaca, his country, as a Trojan War’s valiant legend. He heads out for Ithaca yet desp ite destiny ponders for 10 years when his boats were immediately floated to Thrace by a brutal tempest. It was the start of a campaign. All through the epic sonnet, The Odyssey, the capacity of camouflage helped the legend, Odysseus, to create through quietude and comprehension, which in the end drove the character back to Ithaca, with the guide of the goddess Athena. Odysseus faces numerous difficulties and disasters during this experience. During his movement back home, he was put to trialon various events bymonstrosity that almost devastated him. His knowledge and shrewd conduct made him get through the different risky circumstances he met. Eventually, he prevailing with regards to getting back home and this, he owes to Athena, the goddess, who continually bolstered him all through his movement. Athena relentlessly preferred Odysseus, as saw in The Odyssey, when Zeus, on Athena’s benefit, had requested him to discharge from the island of Calypso where he had been held host age for a long time. Sadly, Poseidon saw him gliding in the waters and was constrained to cause him to suffocate, had it not been for goddess Ino who spared him. Afterward, Odysseus came to Phaecia city where he experienced Athena masked as ruler Alcinous little girl. The accompanying passage underpins that, in reality, goddess Athena helped him (Homer and Johnston 111).Advertising Looking for basic composition on writing dialects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"Straight to his home the reasonable peered toward Pallas went, loaded with plans for incredible Odysseus venture home. She advanced toward the merrily painted room where a little youngster lay asleep†¦Nausicaa, the girl of liberal King Alcinous†¦The goddess floated through like a breath of new air†¦in face and structure like the shimpan Dymas’ daughter†¦Disguised, the splendid looked at goddess chided†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (117). Athena ad ditionally needed to pour an ocean mist around Odysseus in order to secure him and afterward she accepted the state of a young lady and indicated him the route to the castle (Homer and Johnston 111-112). Athena again utilized this strategy when Odysseus had securely arrived at his country. The goddess didn't need the individuals to see his arrival until he had delivered retribution upon the admirers of his significant other. Zeus’ little girl Athena had made it a foggy day, so individuals probably won't know about his having come, and that she may disclose to him everything without either his better half or his kindred residents and companions remembering him until he had rendered his retribution upon the evil suitors(185). Back in his country route before the Trojan War, Odysseus was a ruler. He had a spouse and a child whom he had left a baby during when he needed to leave for Troy. In camouflage as a more peculiar, Odysseus had figured out how to persuade Alcinous to take him back to his country. He needed to take care of his pride in order to get the truly necessary assistance in arriving at home. â€Å"And there Odysseus stood, looking at this abundance, a man who’d borne so much†¦Once he’d had his fill of wondering it all.† (141). Athena had likewise camouflaged him as a hobo in order to seek retribution against the admirers. With this, Odysseus needed to again cast away his pride (Homer and Johnston 148). Athena discloses to him: â€Å"First I will change you-nobody must know you. I will wilt the flexible skin on your agile appendages, take the chestnut twists from your head and deck you out in clothes you’d hate to see some other human wear; I’ll diminish the fire in your eyes, so shinning once†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (253) once more, Odysseus shows a lot of loss of pride when he goes over a goat herder who taunts and kicks him yet was fit for legitimizing the circumstance. This flagged development in his part havi ng been a man of unreasonable confidence. Later on, he had the option to set aside his personality and vanity in any event, when in mask (Homer and Johnston 235).Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on What was the capacity of camouflage in The Odyssey, and how could it sway Odysseus’s improvement as a character? explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The utilization of camouflage was useful as it permitted Odysseus to study his castle and recognize the individuals who had stayed steadfast and the individuals who had not. Emmaus was one of such extraordinary men who showed reliability to his ruler even in his long nonattendance. This is noted when he says: â€Å"Not even my folks at home, where I was brought up. I miss them short of what I do him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (354). He shows further steadfastness by demonstrating a sentiment of nauseate toward the admirers which truly moves Odysseus. Another token of steadfastness is appeared by his cani ne, Argos, who was just a doggy when Odysseus left and was at the point an old pooch. The pooch perceived his old ace, swayed his tail then kicked the bucket. The way that his better half, Penelope, didn't remarry despite the numerous admirers who sought her, shows an extraordinary tallness of devotion. Other faithful individuals were his child Telemachus, and Eurykleia, his old medical caretaker. The contrary case is with the admirers and all the more particularly Antinous who discourteously flung a seat at him when in camouflage had reported that Odysseus would return (Homer and Johnston 367-389). Bubbling over Antinous gave him a scorching look and let fly. ‘Now you won’t get out the lobby unscarred, I swear not after such an unsanitary string of insults!’ With that he held onto the stool and plunged it-Square in the back it struck Odysseus†¦ (369). In the end, Odysseus effectively vanquished the admirers and had the option to recover his stronghold. Afte r bringing back Odysseus undertakings from his fight with the beasts however his arrival home to his recovering the castle, it is noticed that his mind and appearance supported him put through his hardships, obviously, with the assistance of Athena who uncovered it to him after he had arrived in Ithaca. Sufficiently sure, the capacity of camouflage helped the saint, Odysseus, to create through quietude and comprehension, which in the long run drove the character back to Ithaca, with the guide of the goddess Athena.Advertising Searching for basic composition on writing dialects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Odysseus venture was a lot of a self-revelation. It filled in as an acknowledgment of the stuff to be a pioneer, in this way, upgraded his development. Taking everything into account, the significance of camouflage in the Odyssey was not just that of down to earth purposes (to help Odysseus on his excursion back home to Ithaca), it likewise mentally affected Odysseus to improve things, which helped him complete his saint cycle. Homer. Odyssey. Trans. Ian C. Johnston. New York: Richer Resources Publications, 2007. Print

NYC ERB Prep

NYC ERB Prep January 8, 2013 Stephanie Sigal helps NYC students prep for the ERB, a kindergarten admissions test. While Ivy Coach does not offer NYC ERB tutoring, we recommend Stephanie Sigal, M.S., CCC-SLP. The ERB is known in NYC as the kindergarten admissions test for private schools. However, the ERB (Educational Records Bureau), is really the agency that administers a test that they call the ECAA the Early Childhood Admissions Assessment. Its ike the College Board for the SATjust high school students dont walk around saying that they have the College Boards on Saturday. Its possible their parents and grandparents do, though. It shows their age. The ECAA uses  subtests of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI). Presently, the ERB is using the WPPSI-III (for pre-kindergarten, kindergarten, and first grade), but an updated WPPSI-IV was released in September 2012, which is reportedly more child friendly and fun. It is anticipated that the ERB will make the switch in the near future. Presently, eight subtests of the WPPSI 3 are administered to preschoolers. These include four verbal subtests (vocabulary, word reasoning, comprehension, and similarities) in addition to four performance subtests (picture concepts, matrix reasoning, block design, and coding). In the coming days, well go through what these various subtests of the ERB entail. In the meantime, have a question on NYC ERB prep? Send questions our way by posting below and Stephanie will answer them. Looking forward to hearing from you.

Political Geography and Sovereignty of Palestine

There are eight criteria accepted by the international community used to determine whether an entity is an independent country or not. A country need only fail on one of the eight criteria to not meet the definition of independent country status. Palestine (and I shall consider either or both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank in this analysis) does not meet all eight criteria to be a country; it fails somewhat on one of the eight criteria. Does Palestine Meet the 8 Criteria to Be a Country? 1. Has space or territory that has internationally recognized boundaries (boundary disputes are OK). Somewhat. Both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank have internationally recognized boundaries. However, these boundaries are not legally fixed. 2. Has people who live there on an ongoing basis. Yes, the Gaza Strips population is 1,710,257 and the population of the West Bank is 2,622,544 (as of mid-2012). 3. Has economic activity and an organized economy. A country regulates foreign and domestic trade and issues money. Somewhat. The economies of both the Gaza Strip and the West Bank are disrupted by conflict, especially in Hamas-controlled Gaza only limited industry and economic activity is possible. Both regions have exports of agricultural products and the West Bank exports stone. Both entities utilize the new Israeli shekel as their currency. 4. Has the power of social engineering, such as education. Somewhat. The Palestinian Authority does have social engineering power in fields such as education and healthcare. Hamas in Gaza also provides social services. 5. Has a transportation system for moving goods and people. Yes; both entities have roads and other transportation systems. 6. Has a government that provides public services and police or military power. Somewhat. While the Palestinian Authority is permitted to provide local law enforcement, Palestine does not have its own military. Nonetheless, as can be seen in the latest conflict, Hamas in Gaza does have control of an extensive militia. 7. Has sovereignty. No other State should have power over the countrys territory. Somewhat. The West Bank and Gaza Strip do not yet have full sovereignty and control over their own territory. 8. Has external recognition. A country has been voted into the club by other countries. No. Despite the super-majority of United Nations members approving United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19 on November 29, 2012, giving Palestine non-member state observer status, Palestine is not yet eligible to join the United Nations as an independent country. While dozens of countries recognize Palestine as independent, it has not yet attained full independent status, despite the UN resolution. If the UN resolution had allowed Palestine to join the United Nations as a full member state, it would have immediately been recognized as an independent country. Thus, Palestine (nor the Gaza Strip nor the West Bank) is not yet an independent country. The two parts of Palestine are entities that, in the eyes of the international community, have yet to obtain full have international recognition.

The Kkk In America Essay - 1984 Words

The Ku Klux Klans long history of violence grew out of the anger and hatred many white Southerners felt after the Civil War. Blacks, having won the struggle for freedom from slavery, were now faced with a new struggle against widespread racism and the terrorism of the Ku Klux Klan. Despite what many might like to think, the KKK is still active today. The bare facts about the birth of the Ku Klux Klan and its revival half a century later are baffling to most people today. Little more than a year after it was founded, the secret society moved across the South, bringing a reign of violence that lasted three or four years. Then, as rapidly as it had spread, the Klan faded away. After World War I a new version of the Klan surfaced. Then,†¦show more content†¦The origin of the Ku Klux Klan was a secret for years, although there were many thoughts and theories to explain its beginnings. One idea was that the Ku Klux Klan was originally a secret order of Chinese drug smugglers. Anot her claimed it was begun by Confederate prisoners during the war. The most ridiculous theory was about an ancient Jewish document referring to the Hebrews enslaved by Egyptian pharaohs. In fact, the beginning of the KKK wasn’t as complex as many made it seem. It was just six young Confederate veterans in a small town with nothing better to do than to gather around a fireplace one December evening in 1865 and form a social club. The place was Pulaski, Tennessee, near Alabama’s northern border. When they got together a week later, the six young men were full of ideas for their new club. It would be secret, to make it more amusing, and the titles for the officers were to have names as crazy-sounding as possible, partly for the fun of it and partly to avoid any military or political involvement. The head of the group was called the Grand Cyclops. His assistant was the Grand Magi, there was a Grand Turk to greet all candidates, a Grand Scribe to act as secretary, Night Hawk s for messengers and a Lictor to be the guard. The members, when the six young men found people to join, would be called Ghouls. The founders were determined to come up with something mysterious. The GreekShow MoreRelatedRed Scare, KKK, Civil War Brought Fear to America1717 Words   |  7 Pagesof the unknown.†- H. P. Lovecraft. In the 1900’s, fear drove America. The Red Scare was a time when Americans were afraid of the threat of Communism. In the Sacco and Vanzetti case, two Italian anarchists were convicted of crimes which they were clearly innocent of. The Ku Klux Klan attempted to keep African-Americans out of positions of power and for brief time was successful. The Red Scare, Sacco Vanzetti case and the rise of the KKK all are example of how American’s fear the unknown and what weRead MoreThe Klux Klan And Kkk Klan1122 Words   |  5 PagesStates. One of the oldest hate group is The Ku Klux Klan (KKK). In 1970 the Ku Klos Knights of the Ku Klux Klan wa s formed. There are several Klan’s throughout The United States. One in particular operates in Missouri. There are many Klan’s throughout The United States. Most of these groups operate in the south. There is also mission and message these groups try to convey. Although the KKK used to be known for their violence, the KKK KKK is knowing for condemning violence. The group now usuallyRead MoreThe Ku Klux Klan, also known as the Klan or the KKK, originated in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1865.600 Words   |  3 PagesKlan, also known as the Klan or the KKK, originated in Pulaski, Tennessee, in 1865. The first KKK was formed by six Civil war veterans, with the purpose to restore power to the plantation owners. The people that the KKK was against was African Americans and republicans. The second KKK was founded in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1921. This KKK lasted much longer and had millions of members, partially due to their organization with finances and members. The third KKK was founded as a civil rights movementRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of the Ku Klux Klan1136 Words   |  5 Pagesagainst free blacks and their white supporters. The KKK had a wide array of uneducated people because their main incentive was to recruit young, homeless, and mindless children to follow in their footsteps and become a member of the KKK. In many instances Klan members were taught the KKK did not believe that blacks were capable of the necessary decision making in life, they thought that Blacks were sub-human(Student Handbook 316). The KKK had many wrong beliefs, like that Blacks were notRead MoreKu Klux Klan714 Words   |  3 Pagessecret organization throughout America that has been active for several years and is responsible for more than 5,000 deaths. This organization bears the name of the KKK or Ku Klux Klan. Rosa Parks added to the topic of the KKK by saying, â€Å"It was just a matter of survival†¦ of existing from one day to the next. I remember going to sleep as a girl and hearing the Ku Klux Klan ride at night and hearing a lynching and being afraid the house would burn down† (Parks). The KKK, scattered through the US, hasRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of the Ku Klux Klan in the 1920 Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pages The Ku Klux Klan had risen in the 1920s due to political encouragement through the movie, The Birth of a Nation, Prohibition, and political leaders. The Birth of A Nation by David W. Griffith had glorified the Ku Klux Klan. The movie portrays the KKK in such a way as Morrison exp lainsâ€Å"†¦The Rebirth of a Nation, in dubious tribune to D.W Griffith’s hugely successful 1915 film. In the film, as in Clansman, the novel on which it is based, the need to protect white women from the sexual threat posedRead MoreThe Kkk : History And The Aftermath Of Their Actions1715 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"KKK† History and the Aftermath of Their Actions There are many people who think of the KKK as a terrorist group but it did not start that way initially. The Klan started as a social group and turned into one of the nations largest and most feared terrorist groups our country has ever seen. Whereas they were just preserving the old gospel belief of racial separation, once slavery was abolished the KKK was able to inflict the pain, torture and murder on any former slave they deemed, given thatRead MoreAfrican Americans in the Reconstruction Era1518 Words   |  7 PagesBaggers and Scalawags, the Republican Party gained almost complete control over the South. Throughout this time, the ranking of freedman was significantly increased, and by 1868; many state legislatures had African American delegates. All of America, as well as the South, had to be rebuilt, and, despite the Souths hostile resistance, African-Americans were slowly and gradually becoming part of this nation. The long-awaited citizenship for Blacks was confirmed in 1868, by the 14th AmendmentRead MoreThe Ku Klux Klan Of The 1920s A Mainstream Organization?934 Words   |  4 PagesBrionna Palmer Professor Rodabaugk History 1051-001 October 4, 2017 Was the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s a Mainstream Organization? YES: Shawn Lay rejects the view of the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) as a radical fringe group comprised of marginal men and instead characterizes the KKK of the 1920s as a mainstream, grassroots organization that promotes traditional values of law, order, and social morality that appealed to Americans across the nation. NO: Thomas Pegram, on the other hand, recognizes the KlansmenRead MoreThe Civil War And Reconstruction1448 Words   |  6 PagesWar and Reconstruction was the Ku Klux Klan. The KKK was founded in 1866, and extended into almost every southern state by 1870. The organization became a vehicle for white southern citizens to deny Republican Party’s Reconstruction-era policies whose ideas, that tried establishing political and economic equality for African Americans. The KKK flourished in some regions in the South where, African Americans were a minority of the population. The KKK also targeted any individual or organization that

Syllabus Designing - Review of Literature free essay sample

English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is often underestimated because of teachers attitudes which are often characterized either by condescension or reluctance. This is manifested in the belief that often prevails among teachers that ESP is for those who cannot teach the real language. A good example of this situation is English in other departments or The Language Unit at university where teaching this component of the students program of studies is generally the responsibility of junior members of staff and where it is a slot-filling subject in the teachers time-tables. This underestimation may be due to the fact many language teachers are not aware of what it means to be an ESP teacher, and what it takes to be successful in this practice. The situation in the Tamil Nadu is even more complicated as there is not even a separation between ESP and English for General Purposes (EGP) when it comes to syllabuses and methodology, and who is better trained to teach what. We will write a custom essay sample on Syllabus Designing Review of Literature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Needs assessment, which is a major component of ESP, never exists, and, if does, it is never systematic, but rather based on teachers intuitions. Moreover, the methodology adopted in teaching never differs. That is, a teacher would enter a class with the same kind of methodology in mind regardless of the aims of each program. Unfortunately, programs are always put in the same basket and are always simply labelled as programs for Teaching English. As a matter of fact, English is not always just English for there are particularities that ought to be taken into consideration when designing syllabuses and practicing teaching depending on the objectives set for each situation. Definition of ESP (English for Specific Purposes) The term of ESP is generally represented as ‘English for Specific Purposes’, which emphasizes on the students’ purposes and refers to the whole range of language resources (Robinson, 1980). A definition of ESP given by Strevens (1988, p. 1 2) is that ESP needs to distinguish between four absolute and two variable characteristics namely: a. Absolute characteristics: ESP consists of English language teaching which is: designed to meet specified needs of the learners related in content (i. e. in its themes and topics) to particular disciplines, occupations and activities entered on the language appropriate to those activities, in syntax, lexis, discourse, semantics, etc. in contrast with ‘General English’. b. Variables characteristics: ESP may be, but is not necessarily: restricted as to the language skills to be learned (e. g. reading only, etc. ) taught according to any pre-ordained methodology (i. e. ESP is not restricted to any particular methodolog y – although communication methodology is very often felt to be most appropriate). Munby (1978, 1996) defined ESP in relation to ESP courses based on the analysis of the students’ language needs. His definition of ESP is still current as follows: â€Å"ESP courses are those where the syllabus and materials are determined in all essentials by the prior analysis of the communication needs of the learner† (p. 2). The interpretation of the expression ‘learner need’ deals with two different aspects of needs (Widdowson, 1984, p. 178), referring to (1) what the learner needs to do with the language once he or she has learned it. This is a goal-oriented definition of needs and relates to ‘terminal behavior’, the ends of learning. (2) [W]hat the learner needs o do to actually acquire the language. This is a process-oriented definition of needs, and relates to ‘transitional behavior’, the means of learning. In ESP, the ends of learning are as important as the means in spite of being normally goal-oriented (Hutchinson Waters, 1987; McDonough, 1984; Robinson, 1991), that is, ESP is meant â€Å"the teaching of English, not as an end in itsel f, but as an essential means to a clearly identifiable goal. † (Mackay, 1978, p. 92) The term of ‘ESP’ has thus been used by different people to mean different things (Blackie, 1979). Nonetheless, the claims for ESP normally have in common in a sense that ESP is not a new approach, but an emphasis on English teaching that should be matched to the students’ specific needs and purposes for their study of English (De Jesus, 1999; Hutchinson Waters, 1984, 1987; La Perla, 1984; Mackay, 1978; McDonough, 1984; Munby, 1978, 1996; Robinson, 1980, 1991; Strevens, 1977; Swales, 1985). Chambers and McDonough (1981) argue that the ‘specific’ in English for specific purposes should refer to both the purpose the language is being used for and the language itself. Three kinds of purposes suggested by Mackay and Mountford (1978) are: 1. â€Å"occupational requirements†, e. g. for international telephone operators, civil airline pilots, etc. ; 2. â€Å"vocational training program†, e. g. for hotel and catering staff, technical trades, etc. ; and 3. â€Å"academic or professional study†, e. g. engineering, medicine, law, etc. Accordingly, an ESP course is pertinently purposeful and is aimed at the successful performance of either occupational/vocational or educational roles (Robinson, 1980) or both. Moreover, Robinson (1991) argues that the language produced as a feature of ESP should be good enough for the job and not be necessarily native-speaker like, but be the communicative strategies and effectiveness of the non-native professional users of English. History of ESP According to Johns’ (1991) discussion, the ESP history in brief with respect to its development and expansion throughout the world has been influenced by the major theoretical and applied schools of linguistics and developed into four phases. The first phase (the 1960s and the early 1970s) was the structure-based phase of linguistic (i. . lexical and grammatical) features of academic and professional registers, for example, the language of electrical engineering and the language of law (e. g. Herbert, 1965). The second phase (the late 1970s and the early 1980s) was the discourse-based phase of register analysis where the function and purpose in discourse became more rhetorical (e. g. Trimble, 1985). The th ird phase (the integration of the discoveries in phase 1 and phase 2) was communication-based phase of systematic analyses of the target learning ituations which concentrate on Munbyian concepts of ‘notional-functional curriculum’ (Munby, 1996), namely: (a) the communicative purposes of speaker/writer; (b) the setting for language use; and (c) the mode of communication and language use. This leads to the language teaching in a communicative approach. The fourth phase (the late 1980s and the 1990s) has been focused on the strategies which learners employ to acquire the target language where the needs analysis (or needs assessment) centers on activities or procedures leading to effective teaching and learning (e. . Hutchinson Waters, 1987). Throughout the past four decades of the history of ESP, the areas of theoretical development and interest in teaching and learning of ESP, relating to the two main branches of ESP: EST and NON-EST, seem to include an interest in regis ter, discourse analysis, the specification of students’ needs (and wants), study skills, or in various methodological approaches to the development of communicative competence (Flowerder, 1990).

The Rise of the Macro

Anders Berring Breivik was the man accused of the terrorist attack that took place in Oslo. Through his document that he posted on the website on July 22 hours before the attacks took, we get to learn that he had a fair standard ideology of far right. The document which he named 2030- A European Declaration of Independence evoked several themes in central movements and mentions numerious ideologies of the right wing (Chesterton 2011).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Rise of the Macro-Nationalists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, after close inspections, it was found that Mr Breivik’s view of the world did not match any of the established ideologies of the right wig which include Christian fundamentalism, Ultanationalism and supremacism. Rather his worldview revealed new doctrines to the civilizational war that represented the Chrristian version of an Al Qaeda. This was revelead throug h his statement when he exclaimed that he feared extinction of Nordic genotypes. This meant that his main agenda was not racial hygiene, but rather he wanted to expel but not kill muslims who were in Europe. He did not mind about the non-muslims Asians and the Jews. Mr Breivik is not a Norweign nationalist but he is extremely proud of his Norwign/ Odinistic heritage and that is why he declares independence for all Europeans. He publicly declares his religion of being a Christian, however, not a very religious one. Mr Breivik wants to change his views concerning Western Islamazation in Europe. He actually views himself as a defence war soldier against Islamic imperialism. Breivik views muslims as colonized Europeans who were helped by multicultural doctrines and high birth rates which were advocated by the European elites (Hegghammer 2005). Mr Breivik view muslims as an extisting threat to European civilazation and that is why they must end up their existance by all means. Waging war against them was the best way to counter them since they were traitors who allowed colonization to occur. According to Marxists muslims are European intellectual and political elites and that is why they are considered as traitors. Despite the exceptional violent acts of Breivik, he does not have enough knowledge of Islams (Huntington 1996). His manifasto is mainly inspired by new intellectuals of the right-wing which is currently referred to as counterjihad. The roots of the movement can be traced back in 1980s but it only gained momentum after the occurance of 9/11. The internet has become a home to Breivik where different views are aired in blogs like Atlas Shrugs, Gates of Vienna, Jihad Watch publications and written by Pamela Geller, Robert Spencer, Fjordman and Bat Ye’or for Norwegian blogs. Many counterjihad writers replete Breivik manifestos which is a sign that they were inspired by him.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Mr Breivik also advocates mass murder of most prominent European politicians. He gives details information concerning the issue and his main manifesto contains information and ideas that no counterjihad existing ideologist has ever discussed. Mr. Breivik provides an extensive piece of advice on building bombs and the way to plan terrorist attacks. However, he was condemned by the leading counterjihad writers for advocating violence; they actually condemned Breivik for his actions. Breivik openly announced that he was a member of knightly order known as European Military Order and Criminal Tribunal. He describes the group as a reincarnation of Knights Templar which he himself found in the year 2002 in London with some activists from eight countries across Europe (Hegghammer 2005). Mr. Breivik has a similar ideology with the Al Qaeda’s since they both see themselves to be engaged in civilizational war betwee n West and Islam that actually exceeds all existing crusades. They both fight on behalf of existing transitional entities refered to as community or ummah for Europeans and Al Qaedans. The phrase Ummah also known as one Community mainly refers to Islamic unified world (Hegghammer 2005). The nation should produce the mankind who command righteous and forbid anything that is considered as wrong. Both Breivik and Al Qaedas frame the struggles they face in the wars as defensive war survivals. They actually both hate their former governments for collaborating with those they refer to as outside enermies. Both Mr. Breivik and Al Qaedas use matyrdom language; Breivik calls those who attacks him as matyrdom operation. They also both call themselves espouse medieval ideals and knights of chivalry. They also lament partriarchy erosion and women emancipation (Hegghammer 2005). These numerous existing similarities between Mr. Breivik and Al Qaeda only mean that Mr. Breivik is mainly inspired by Al Qaedas or he is simply trying to emulate them. However, Al Qaeda’s actions suggest that they manifest the same generic ideological phenomenon; a macro-nationalism which is a varient of nationalism used to cluster nations or states held together by similar notions like ummah or the West (Hegghammer 2005). Great Macro-nationalists actually view their own people to be low in attacks and fights when it comes to defending themselves. Pan-Islamism which is muslim world has got a long history and they have always been inspired by militance since 1980s, a period when Arabs used to travell to Afghanistan to fight their fellow Muslims against the Soviet occupation. However, the West lacked similar movements in comparison to those of Pan-Islamism (Praveen 2000).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Rise of the Macro-Nationalists specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, it is expected that this coul d change after the appearance of Breivik manifesto and the rise of counterjihad in 2000. In case a violent anti-muslim movement emerges in West, what we expect is a division on the question who the target will be. Some members of the movement would prefer to punish European elites with the same reason which is the treason just like Mr. Breivik did. Others will prefer to attack the muslims directly just like they did it with the snipers who injured and killed several immigrants in Malmo in Sweden last year. One of the greatest tasks that the country has is countering macro-nationalists like Breivik and Al Qaedas. This is because they normally get popular support even if they are involved in mass murder which is something that is universally rejected. Mr. Breivik is a relatively large reservoir of European anti-muslims sentiments just like the AlQaedas exploit widespread Muslim oppossition policies in Middle East. However, many hope that Breivik’s actions will be horrific and u ndermine his major cause since one Al Qaeda is more than enough. Breivik hopes that countries such as Phillipines, Thailand and China will succeed him in the fight. In conclusion, it must be mentioned that this article looks more at the broad view of civilisations in violent struggles for survival and supremacy. It clearly defines what macro-nationalists think of the views and adeologies of confessed Norwegian mass murder Mr. Breivik. He struggles much in trying to implement the democratic regimes. Breivik apprecites those Hindu groups which actually do not sustain the injustice; they carry out riots and attacks on Muslims whenever things worsen but their main ideology is that their attacks are counterproductive. However, they do not attack the muslims directly instead, they target consolidate millitary cells in India with the aim of overthrowing the cultural Marxist government. Breivik envisages that future organizations would actually hand out multi cultural force which will bring military cooperation with the Buddhist, nationalists, Jewish and Hindu. He believes that these forces will help fight against the cultural Marxist forces (Clark 2011). This article also advocates how many Neo-cons in America are in need of global war with the radical muslims Mr. Breivik’s worldview does not fit into established categories of the ideologies of the right-wing just like fundamentalism, supremacism and ultranationalism. It however reveals all the new civizational war doctrines that represent how Christians view Al Qaeda since Mr. Breivik himself is a christian though not a strong one.Advertising Looking for research paper on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This article clearly shows how people view muslims and what they can do within their power to see that the Al Qaedas stop terrorizing Western countries. However, they use almost the same tactics as those of the Al Qaedas to stop the killings. This article also clearly shows what America turned into after the incident of 9/11 which left many people injured while some lost their loved ones. Based mainly on ethnicity , religion and cultural essense, they all try to unify all the members of pan-groups that are beyond the nationalist boundaries. The above ideologies have been ignored by many governements and states. References Chesterton, G. (2011). The Rise of the Macro-Nationalists. New York: Barnes Nobel. Clark, N. (2011). Nationalism: Classical, Macro and Regional. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. Hegghammer, T. (2005).Counter-Jihad’ fake nationalism. New York: Oxford University Press. Huntington, S.1996. The Clash of Civilization and the Remaking of World Order. New York: Simon Schuster. Praveen, S. (2000). Norwegian Mass Killers Manifesto Hails Hindutva. New York: Free Press. This research paper on The Rise of the Macro-Nationalists was written and submitted by user Krish Sullivan to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Equity and trust law assignment, The WritePass Journal

Equity and trust law assignment, Question 1 Equity and trust law assignment, ). Pearce. R and Stevens. J, The Law of Trusts and Equitable Obligations, OUP Oxford, 4th Edition, (2006 Cases Armitage v Nurse [1998] Ch 241, 251 Bahin v Hughes [1886] LR 31 Chd 390 Cowan v Scargill [1985] Ch 270 Green v Ontario   [1973] 2 OR 396 DKLR Holdings Co (No 2) P/L v Commissioner of Stamp Duties (1980) 1 NSWLR 510 Kirby v Wilkins [1929] Ch 444 Knight v Knight (1840) 3 Beav 148 McPhail v Doulton [1970] 2 All ER 228 MacJordan Construction Ltd v Brookmart Erostin Ltd [1992] BCLC 350 Morice v Bishop of Durham (1804) 9 Ves Jr 399 Nocton v Lord Ashburn [1914] AC 932 Re Baden’s Deed Trusts (No 2) [1972] 2 All ER 1304 Re Erskine 1948 Trust; Gregg and Another v Pigott and Others [2012] 3 All ER 532 Re London Wine Co (Shippers) Ltd [1986] PCC 121 Re Rose [1952] Ch 499 Re Smith [1896]   1 Ch 71 Re Vickery [1931] 1 Ch 572 Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Trustees of the Peter Clay Discretionary Trust [2007] EWHC 2661 (Ch) Saunders v Vautier (1841) EWHC Ch J82 Speight v Gaunt (1883) 9 App Cas 1 Target Holdings v Redferns [1996] 3 WLR 352

Organisational Change Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 2

Organisational Change Management - Essay Example An act that has seen it do quite well in maintaining competitive position in the face of growing competition. However the impact imposed on the company by the recent economic intrigues has made the management to rethink on the strategic planning to keep the company afloat by reducing cost as quickly as possible to enable its survival. It is with this in mind that the management has resolved to stop producing some components in its line of production and concentrate on the production of other components on fewer more promising sites. A decision that the subordinates are yet to know as it is only discussed by a few senior managers of the firm. The new plan as decided by the senior staff will involve the expansion of the company’s main firm at Blois, France. This is because the plant at Blois has the most advanced technological advancements in terms of manufacturing and the factory is not yet working to capacity thus, increase in production at Blois is projected to produce a redu ction is cost. The UK based factory is set for closure because it is considered as having relatively more outdated manufacturing technologies as compared to the other sites. Consequent to these new strategies, the employees and stakeholders in the UK manufacturing facility are bound to be baffled by the news since, according to them; they expected a major boost and development in their plant. Besides, the closure will lead to redundancies and lack of or minimal opportunities for redeployment and access to alternative jobs since only one group of the technicians is encouraged to move to Blois. Other impacts such as the loss of the an international and vital market at Didcot, failure of the development engineers to relocate and a fear of job insecurity among the employees in the other factories based in Spain and France are inevitable once this new strategy has been announced. Definition In the D2 case it is important to note that organizational change is required. This is as seen by the dwindling income from the plants put in place by the firm at various sites. The economic trends and the problems it has brought have been dealt with through application of proper change in the operations and productions. The economic recession that has led to the reduction in the profits and returns that the company was making prior is considered as an environmental pressure that forces the management and leadership to come up with a change plan in a bid to allow the company to survive. As a result of this environmental pressure, which is the major problem facing the firm, it is forced to find a way of reducing the amount spent servicing one branch(UK branch) that does not seem to promise good returns hence high costs yet low returns. Therefore, one great challenge for the firm is to find a way to curb the problem of high cost which is an environmental pressure (Barnes, 2004). The management on its part has decided on closing the UK-based factory due to its inability to produce the required threshold. Another issue notable in the D2 case is the leadership and management. This is a very important aspect of a company that requires proper and careful consideration in the organizational change. The leaders and mangers in the organization are like the drivers of the vehicle and determine where it goes depending on how they choose to deal with the situations that arise and require an action of change within the company

Strategic Management of Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Strategic Management of Human Resources - Essay Example 1. The strengths based approach encourages people "to focus on aspects of work organization that lead to success rather than trying to correct failures" (case study). In this sense its approach to managing workforce is different from the SHRM approach. The SHRM approach focuses on types of people and skills needed, while the strengths based approach applies a wider perspective. It draws not on skills or things that people are good at, but on strengths which are defined as "pre -existing capacities for a particular way of behaving, thinking or feeling that is authentic and energising to the user and enables optimal functioning, development and performance". 2. SHRM is concerned with the contributions human resource strategies make to organizational effectiveness, and the ways in which these contributions are achieved (see Boxall & Purcell, 2000 and Delery & Shaw, 2001). The strengths based approach interpreted with regard to the SHRM model, is also a human resource strategy to increase organizational effectiveness. ... In this sense the strengths based approach can be seen as HPHRS since the focus is not on achieving a set organizational goal or being concerned with work systems or context, the idea is to change the organizational culture so that overall business performance improves (case study). However achievement of certain goals may still be targeted as seen in the case study where the board is allotted projects according to their strengths. As working on these projects is more energizing for the people since they are better matched to the types of tasks, better organization performance can be hoped for. It is about "focusing on aspects of work that lead to success". 3. The strengths based approach fits with what the SHRM scholars have suggested, for example, they suggest that certain employee behaviors and certain human resource strategies produce certain employee behaviors, and that the task of the human resource strategist is to uncover and test these linkages (Cappelli & Singh, 1992; Schuler & Jackson, 1987). Strengths based approach, does not identify behaviour but is a human resource strategy that matches strengths of people to certain tasks. Thus the SHRM strategist is needed to make these links between people and roles based on strengths assessment in a strengths based organization. 4. Interpretation of the strengths based approach according to the 5 Ps model of SHRM (Schuler & Jackson, 1987) is given below: 1. Philosophy- How the organization values and treats its employees. Essentially the culture of the organization. In the case study, BAE values its leadership team despite their apparent inability to solve certain tricky projects. Instead of classifying them as lacking in certain way, the organization shows respect for its people and changes

Article Analysis on Mate Selection Essay Example for Free

Article Analysis on Mate Selection Essay The entire article is based on evolutionary psychology and the title of the article is Mate Selection criteria: A trait desirability assessment study of sex differences of Serbia. The entire paper examines the predictions from socio-structural perspective and evolutionary on sex differences in the mate selection in Serbia. There were a total of 127 respondents that were taken from Serbia and the respondents were mainly college students. The method of Likert scale was used and they were questioned about 60 behavioral traits and personality traits. Differences were obtained on the basis of perceived desirably of strengths, self pity, fragility, thinness’s and beauty. The males in this study consider these traits as more desirable and the females valued strength of the male positively. Female respondents are more concerned with the physical appearance of their partners. Similarly, in this study females are also concerned about the socio-economic class of males. A generalized approach cannot be used in this study because Serbian people are distinct in their culture. Similarly, in this study both sexes are attracted with each other on different factors like sexual attractiveness, beauty, socio-economic factors etc. The purpose of the researcher was to evaluate the sex differences in Serbia. However the actual hypothesis of this research paper is based on the functionality of mate selection criteria that is based on the perspective of subordinate position of women. The entire research was carried out by Bojan Todosijevic, Snezana Ljubinkovic, and Aleksandra Arancic (Todosijevic, Ljubinkovic, Arancic, 2003). The research was headed by the department of psychology which belongs to the University of Novi. As far as the findings of this research is considered quantitative analysis is used in this the entire research to evaluate the findings of this research. Findings of this research depicts that the traits that are assessed are sincerity, tenderness, passion, maturity, intelligence and etc. The desirable traits among both the sexes are courage, thinness, talent for sports, beauty, elegance, aggressiveness and etc. Both the sexes agree on the general ordering of the traits but the research have identifies certain significant differences statistically. Males consider the traits of self-pity, thinness, beauty; fearfulness as more desirable and the probability of these traits are less than 0. 1. Findings suggest that men scored quite higher on the former items and the character traits were considered to be more desirable by the females. Discussion of the topics with respect to the article The topic of selecting a life time companion and the topic of comparison levels can be related with this research paper (Anderson Sabatelli, 2007). Certain traits are discussed in this research paper and the through different statistical tools the results are evaluated. In both the topics of the text book the traits are discussed and both the topics evaluate that effectiveness of traits. The phenomenon of how to select an appropriate life partner is discussed and what should an individual do when he/she is selecting its soul mate. Similarly, the other topic of comparison levels discusses the comparison levels between the two sexes. In this research paper research is conducted on the traits of males and females and how both of them select their partners based on these traits. The phenomenon of Likert scale is used in the entire research. Conclusion The hypothesis in this research paper was formulated on the basis of evolutionary psychology. The results of this paper depicts that males give more preference to physical attractiveness of their potential mates. On the other hand women consider socio-economic factors like success in job, capability to earn and wealth related factors as important. The traits that are discussed in this research paper are dependent on culture and it varies with culture to culture. All the traits are evaluated in this research and generalized results are attained from the study (Todosijevic, Ljubinkovic, Arancic, 2003). The hypothesis that was derived with higher socio-economic interpretation that was related to women should be considered as less important as compared to the hypothesis on evolutionary psychology. In the entire research paper different traits were evaluated and results were achieved through Likert scales. Before reading the article one cannot depict that which traits are more important for women and for men and since the entire article talks about traits and their effectiveness that is the reason why it becomes quite easy to filter out which traits are necessary for men and which are important for women. Statistical analyses are used in this article which helps the reader in finding the viability of the results. This article can definitely help an individual in selecting its partner and after reading this article one can check the traits discussed in this article with the traits that are present in his/her partner or the traits which he/she desires for (Todosijevic, Ljubinkovic, Arancic, 2003). References Anderson, S. , Sabatelli, R. (2007). Family Interaction: A Multigenerational Developmental Perspective. Allyn Bacon. Todosijevic, B. , Ljubinkovic, S. , Arancic, A. (2003). Mate selection criteria: A trait desirability assessment study of sex differences in Serbia. University in Novi.

There are no Truly Victimless Crimes Essay -- essays research papers

A man chooses to take cocaine. He understands the risks he is taking, and he believes that taking the cocaine is worth the risk. Should he be allowed to take the drug? Or should the government force him to abstain from it, in his own interest? He is not hurting anyone but himself, so why should there be a law against it? This debate has raged since the beginning of civilization. J. S. Mill, in his Essay on Liberty, takes the position that is commonly accepted: the government should not interfere with matters that do not involve more than one person. These matters are often called "victimless crimes." Mill - along with the majority of people in today's world - claims that if a person commits a crime against his or herself, such as harming the body by taking certain drugs or suicide, the person should not be prosecuted. The argument is that no other person is affected. All involved parties consent to the arrangement, so they should be responsible for whatever happens. A few com mon victimless crimes are prostitution, taking harmful drugs, and suicide. These are perceived as having no negative effect on anyone but the people who agreed to accept the negative effects. In reality, all victimless crimes cause problems for other members of society. J. S. Mill did not understand that "victimless" crimes do not actually exist. Prostitution is one of the most debated of the victimless crimes, because the US has been "slow" in adopting it legally. Only ten Nevadian counties out of the entirety of the 50 United States have passed laws that legalize prostitution, while in Holland prostitution is a recognized occupation. Holland even has a union for prostitutes. It is argued by proponents of legalized prostitution that the business is ... ... cases, this can go so far as to cause suicide by a survivor, repeating the cycle. Besides those negative psychological effects, survivors of suicide usually experience some need to place blame. This can either be manifested in anger towards the suicidal person, to a third party that may have the blame placed on him, or on the survivor himself. It is very common for a survivor to feel self-loathing and to entertain the idea that there was something that could have been done to save the lost loved one. Suicide is not a victimless crime. These are only three of the "victimless crimes" that have been postulated by people such as J. S. Mill. While he may have had strong urges for social liberty, he never understood the fact that there is no such thing as a victimless crime. All crimes have a victim, and no amount of philosophy or political theory can change that.

Evaluation of a Playoff System for Bowl Games Essay

Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bowl games are designed as the culminating event between colleges that topped in their division during the regular college football season. Begun in 1902, the first bowl game between Michigan and Stanford was concocted to arouse interest in the Tournament of the Roses and to generate greater tourist interest and, subsequently, more income. With Stanford’s defeat, the tournament was put on hold and was resumed in 1916, but it was not until 1923 that its was held at the newly-built stadium called the Rose Bowl, thus the contest was called the Rose Bowl game. Subsequent bowl games organized took the â€Å"Bowl† moniker as a testament to the success of the Rose Bowl games. (â€Å"College bowl games†) Source:BSC Conference at Wikipedia from   http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/5/53/BCS_Map.PNG There are many bowl games formed since then. Some are one-shot deals, others considered â€Å"toilet† bowls, denoting less than successful plays by participating colleges, notably the 1983 bout between Michigan and Michigan State and the 1987 match-up between Kansas and Kansas State. (â€Å"Bowl game†) Currently there are four major bowl games that host the Bowl Championship Series in turns: the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California; the Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida; the Sugar Bowl in New Orleans; and the Fiesta Bowl in Arizona. The games are normally played from mid-December until mid January.   These are the Bowl Championship Series (BCS) bowls, while 27 other bowl games are considered non-BCS bowls. (â€Å"Bowl game†; Bowl Championship Series)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This paper will evaluate the possible application of the play-off system on college bowl games and the impact on non-BSC bowl games. NFL Playoffs system for Bowl Games   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The National Football League (NFL) play-off is the elimination round of currently the 6 top teams from the American Football Conference and the National Football Conference. Each conference produce four division champions seeded 1 to 4, and two wildcard qualifiers, seeded 5 and 6. The teams play within their divisions to determine the Division Playoff winners who will then compete against their opposite number in the Super Bowl. (NFL Playoffs)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The BCS was formalized in 1998 when it replaced the Bowl Alliance as the ultimate face-off in the bowl games. Two teams are selected from the top teams from the NCAA Division I-A bowl game conferences, which are the Atlantic Coast Conference, Big 12 Conference, Big East Conference, Big Ten Conference, Pacific Ten Conference and the Southeastern Conference. Colleges which are not part of these conferences and independent schools are not barred from the selection process but the chances of being selected for the coveted two slots were small because of the system of ranking employed in bowl games for the National Championship game. (â€Å"BCS conference†)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is an ongoing debate regarding the system of ranking in bowl games, which will eventually determine which two teams will play in the National Championship game. There are claims that the system, based on coach polls, computer-constructed polls, strength of schedule (win/loss ratio) and losses, was not equitable, too complicated, and produced ambiguous results. Polling produced issues of bias in ranking towards bowls associated with BCS conferences, leaving non-BCS conferences out of the running. Moreover, it is asserted that the absence of a playoff discriminates against teams that have lower ranking even though actual games win/loss ratio for the season should have guaranteed at least a fighting chance to compete in the National Championship. (Bowl Championship Series) Compared to the head-to-head match-up that prevails in the NFL playoffs, it would seem logical to go down the path of the tried and tested. Winners of the NFL playoffs are undisputed with no messy rankings to confuse the issue of which team was the best. However, one can argue that the motivations behind the NFL and bowl games are completely different. Bowl games are college football games, providing training for athletes after the football season that otherwise would not happen. This is the reason why many coaches encourage them. Bowl games are considered more as a source of entertainment for football fans post season in hopefully congenial surroundings. (Nelson)   Of course, the organizers were impelled by more pecuniary motives.    Currently, the major bowl game conferences generate more than US$100 million a year in sponsorship and media cdontracts, even more if the proposed new system, where a fifth bowl will be included, is implemented. (â€Å"Six conferences retain automatic bids†) However, for many colleges, especially non-BCS ones, the main purpose of the games remains.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The playoff system works for the NFL, but for bowl games it would alter the whole complexion of the sport. Because of the way the rankings are determined, each of the games in the regular college football season assumes equal importance. The win/loss ratio will not guarantee top place because the system of averaging, the polls and losses can bring the ranking down even with just one botched game. A playoff system would discourage teams from playing all out in all the games because the chances of a top contending team being pulled down by one game is not going to happen.   Ã‚   Moreover, a playoff system would encourage college teams to reserve their best plays and strategies for the all important match-up at the end of the season.   (Willson)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There have been some suggestions for the improvement of the bowl game ranking system by its combination with some characteristics of the playoff. Giles asserts that the BCS system is useful in determining the top college teams during the regular season; it is only when it comes to the top two teams that they run into issues. With this in mind, it is suggested that at the end of the season, the top 8 teams would selected based on existing BCS eligibility requirements for the National Championship game. Automatic berths based on conference would be eliminated, giving a fair chance for all colleges to compete. It would discard the one-team-per-conference rule but retain the hosting of the event among the Rose, Fiesta, Orange and Sugar Bowls. Elimination rounds among the 8 teams will eventually lead to semi-finals that would determine which two teams will go on to the National Championships.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It sounds reasonable but it might just exacerbate the situation because it presumes that the ranking system in the bowl games is reliable, which, as stated earlier, it is not. This is the whole point of the controversies surrounding the bowl games. Using the present ranking system will most probably result in the same BCS and traditional teams being chosen as the eight teams contending for the playoffs, so the inequity will still exist. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It would seem that implementing an NFL play-off system in bowl games would result in an unwelcome shift in the general motivation behind the game.   It also appears it would not greatly improve the chances of non-BSC bowl games in being represented in the BSC and the National Championship in its current state. For the 27 non-BSC and independent bowl games that continue to play, the rationale behind bowl games does not require affirmation from the BSC. Bowl games are essentially a chance for college students to enjoy the chance to see competing colleges compete against each other after the end of the season. It provides relief from academic pursuits inspires student loyalty towards the learning institution and provides additional public exposure for aspiring athletes. Coaches encourage it as a means for additional training for the next season and communities benefit from it by encouraging tourists. Bowl games will continue to be enjoyed, with varying degrees of financial success, by those who count: the players, their fans, the community and the colleges Works cited â€Å"Bowl game.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 5 Jan 2007, 04:06 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 21 Jan 2007 . â€Å"NFL playoffs.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 17 Jan 2007, 23:51 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 21 Jan 2007 . Nelson, Loren. â€Å"Are college football bowl games meaningless?† NCTimes.com. 16 December 2006. 23 January 2007 Alder, James. â€Å"BCS vs. Playoff System.† About.com. 2007. 24 January 2007 Giles, Alex. â€Å"The proposed marriage of the BCS and a playoff format.† About.com. 19 November 2002. 23 January 2007 Willson, Charlie. â€Å"Playoffs vs. Bowl Games: College Season Too Good to Change.† MindSpring. 2007. 24 January 2007 â€Å"College bowl games.† Hickoksports.com. 26 November 2006. 24 January 2007 â€Å"Six conferences retain automatic bids.† Associated Press. 1 March 2004. 23 January 2007 â€Å"Bowl Championship Series.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 20 Jan 2007, 23:00 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 24 Jan 2007 . â€Å"BCS conference.† Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 9 Jan 2007, 16:41 UTC. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. 24 Jan 2007 .   

JUNG Surname Meaning and Origin

The Jung  surname means young, and was often used to distinguish the younger of two men with the same name, such as a son from a father or the younger of two cousins. It derives from the German word jung, from the Middle High German junc, meaning young. YOUNG is the English variant of the surname, while JAROS is found in Poland. According to Dictionary of American Family Names, Jung can also be a variant of the Chinese name Rong, or Korean name Chong. It is a common surname in both countries. Surname Origin: German, Chinese, Korean Alternate Surname Spellings:  JUNK, YUNG, YONG, YOUNG, YOUNGE, JAROS Where in the World is the JUNG Surname Found? The Jung surname is most common in Germany, according to WorldNames PublicProfiler, especially in the states of Saarland and Rheinland-Pfalz, followed by Hessen and  Thà ¼ringen. Other top regions for Jung include Alsace, France, and Grevenmacher, Luxembourg. Surname distribution maps at Forebears identify Jung as the 5th most common surname in South Korea, the 35th most common surname in North Korea, and the 39th most common surname in Germany. It is also the 10th most common last name in Thailand. Famous People with the Last Name JUNG Carl C.G. Jung - Swiss psychiatrist, founder of analytical psychologyChan Sung Jung - Korean MMA fighterRudolf Jung - instrumental force of Austrian National Socialism; member of the Nazi partyJohann Heinrich Jung - German author who wrote under the name Heinrich Stilling Genealogy Resources for the Surname JUNG How to Trace Your German AncestryLearn how to trace your German roots back to the old country and beyond, from gathering information on your family to locating your ancestors German hometown to accessing vital records, passenger records and church records in Germany. German Genealogy Databases and Online RecordsResearch your German family tree online in this collection of online German genealogy databases and records.   Jung Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Jung surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Jung query. FamilySearch - JUNG GenealogyExplore over 9 million historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Jung surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The Jung Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Jung last name from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Surname Meanings OriginsCottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005.Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.